Actors in the Architecture, Engineering, Construction, Owner and Operation (AECOO) industry traditionally exchange building models as files. The Building Information Modelling (BIM) methodology advocates the seamless exchange of all information between related stakeholders using digital technologies. The ultimate evolution of the methodology, BIM Maturity Level 3, envisions interoperable, distributed, web-based, interdisciplinary information exchange among stakeholders across the life-cycle of buildings. The World Wide Web Consortium Linked Building Data Community Group (W3C LBD-CG) hypothesises that the Linked Data models and best practices can be leveraged to achieve this vision in modern web-based applications. In this paper, we introduce the Building Topology Ontology (BOT) as a core vocabulary to this approach. It provides a high-level description of the topology of buildings including storeys and spaces, the building elements they contain, and their web-friendly 3D models.
| Authors | Rasmussen, M. H.; Lefrançois, M.; Schneider, G. F.; Pauwels, P. |
|---|---|
| Year | 2020 |
| Venue | Semantic Web Journal |
| DOI | 10.3233/sw-200385 (auto-fetched · CrossRef) |
| Source Database | Backtracking |
| Bridge-to-GNN | Category C |
| GNN Architecture | Knowledge Graph Embedding (inferred from title) |
| Graph Encoding | Knowledge Graph / Ontological Network (inferred from title) |
| AEC Task | Semantic Enrichment (inferred from title) |
| Cohort | Early Infrastructure (2020–2021) |
| Implementation Framework | Revit / Dynamo, OWL / SPARQL (heuristic — verify) |
|---|---|
| Key Finding | the Building Topology Ontology (BOT) as a core vocabulary to this approach (heuristic — verify) |
| Quality Assessment | 1/6 · rigor: Low · Code/Data: ✓ (heuristic — verify) |
| GNN architectures detected | Knowledge Graph Embedding (TransE/RotatE/DistMult) |
|---|---|
| Frameworks / libraries | Revit / Dynamo · RDF / OWL / SPARQL · Stardog / GraphDB |
| Benchmark datasets referenced | COLLAB · CityGML |
| Code repositories found in text | https://github.com/w3c-lbd-cg/bot/issues · https://github.com/w3c-lbd-cg/bot/commits/master · https://github.com/jyrkioraskari/IFCtoLBD · https://github.com/MadsHolten/revit-bot-exporter · https://github.com/MadsHolten/forge-sparql |
| Quality (heuristic, 6-flag) | 2/6 · rigor: Low Code/Data: ✓Benchmark: ✓Baseline: —CV/Split: —Ablation: —Reproducible: — |
| Seed of .bib export → verified neighbours | This paper was queried as a Connected Papers seed (41 entries scanned). In-corpus neighbours verified by the bibliometric ranking: [52] 2025 · Wu · Construction and application of knowledge graph for const… |
|---|
Part of the GML/GNN in AEC Systematic Review (PRISMA 2020) — 112 papers, 2020–2026